報告顯示全球開放度創2016年以來最大降幅

by Yang Jian 由楊健

November 5, 2026 2026年11月5日

[News] [新聞]

CIIE 進博會

China International Import Expo 中國國際進口博覽會

Hongqiao 虹橋

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Credit: Ti Gong信用：鈦工

Caption: Panelists discuss global openness and international cooperation during the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai today.說明：今日在上海舉辦的第九屆虹橋國際經濟論壇上，與會嘉賓圍繞全球開放與國際合作展開討論。

Global openness recorded its sharpest annual decline since 2016 last year, according to a report released today at the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai.今日在上海舉辦的第九屆虹橋國際經濟論壇上發佈的一份報告顯示，去年全球開放度出現了2016年以來最顯著的年度下滑。

The World Openness Index fell 1 percent to 0.7453 in 2025. Its economic component dropped 1.44 percent to the lowest level since 1990, while gains in social and cultural openness slowed.2025年世界開放指數下降1%，降至0.7453。其中經濟分項指數下跌1.44%，跌至1990年以來的最低水平，而社會與文化開放度的提升幅度則有所放緩。

Speakers at the forum pointed to rising protectionism, geopolitical tensions and trade barriers as pressures on global openness.論壇上的發言者指出，日益抬頭的保護主義、地緣政治緊張局勢以及貿易壁壘是全球開放面臨的壓力。

Governments increasingly use trade policy to pursue national security, supply chain and technological goals, according to Luz Maria de la Mora, director of the Division on International Trade and Commodities at UN Trade and Development, known as UNCTAD.聯合國貿易和發展會議（簡稱貿發會議）國際貿易與商品司司長盧斯·瑪麗亞·德·拉·莫拉表示，各國政府正越來越多地利用貿易政策來實現國家安全、供應鏈和技術方面的目標。

Measures introduced unilaterally or without sufficient coordination create friction and make trade less predictable, she noted. Yet that does not necessarily mean less trade.她指出，單方面或未進行充分協調而推出的措施會引發摩擦，也會讓貿易變得更不可預測。但這並不一定意味着貿易規模會縮小。

“So global trade is not shrinking, but it is being rapidly fragmented,” de la Mora said. “While some economies are benefiting from new opportunities, others are struggling to keep pace.”“全球貿易並未萎縮，但正迅速走向碎片化，”德拉莫拉表示。“一些經濟體正從新機遇中獲益，而另一些則難以跟上步伐。”

The World Openness Report 2026 was released at the Hongqiao forum, held alongside the 9th China International Import Expo, which also opened today.2026年世界開放報告在虹橋論壇上發佈，該論壇與今日開幕的第九屆中國國際進口博覽會同期舉辦。

It was jointly compiled by the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Research Center for the Hongqiao International Economic Forum.該書由中國社會科學院世界經濟與政治研究所與虹橋國際經濟論壇研究中心聯合編撰。

Titled “Toward More Resilient and Inclusive Openness for All,” the report assesses economic, social and cultural openness, examining both policies and outcomes.這份題爲《邁向更具韌性與包容性的全民開放》的報告對經濟、社會和文化層面的開放程度進行了評估，同時審視了相關政策與實施成果。

Singapore topped the ranking of 129 economies in 2025, followed by Ireland. Singapore has held the top spot for 15 years since 1990.2025年，新加坡在129個經濟體的排名中位居榜首，愛爾蘭緊隨其後。自1990年以來，新加坡已連續15年佔據榜首位置。

China ranked 37th, up one place from 2024. Its openness score stood at 0.7551, compared with 0.5891 in 1990, an increase of 28.18 percent.中國排名第37位，較2024年上升一位。其開放度得分爲0.7551，而1990年爲0.5891，漲幅達28.18%。

Credit: Ti Gong信用：鈦工

Caption: Participants listen to a presentation at the launch of the World Openness Report 2026 during the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai on Thursday.說明：週四，在上海舉辦的第九屆虹橋國際經濟論壇期間，《2026年世界開放報告》發佈活動上，與會者聆聽了一場演講。

The wider picture was uneven. Six of the seven regions covered recorded declines in openness in 2025. Europe, Central Asia and North America saw declines for a second straight year. Advanced economies became less open overall, while emerging and developing economies were more open.整體情況並不均衡。在所覆蓋的七個區域中，有六個區域的開放度在2025年出現下降。歐洲、中亞和北美連續第二年出現開放度下滑。發達經濟體整體開放度有所降低，而新興和發展中經濟體則更爲開放。

Liao Fan, director of the institute and head of the report’s research team, said economic security had become a central consideration in openness policies. But he warned against extending security concerns too broadly.該研究所所長、報告研究團隊負責人廖凡表示，經濟安全已成爲開放政策中的核心考量。但他也提醒，不應將安全擔憂過度泛化。

“Future openness will no longer be solely about expanding market access, but will place greater emphasis on balancing openness and security, efficiency and fairness, and development and resilience,” Liao pointed out.廖指出：“未來的開放將不再僅僅是擴大市場準入，而是更加註重在開放與安全、效率與公平、發展與韌性之間取得平衡。”

China’s role as a market and a place for innovation was another focus of the report.中國作爲市場和創新之地的角色是該報告的另一重點。

“China’s market is an anchor of resilience for the world economy,” said Wang Xuekun, who heads the forum’s research center.“中國市場是世界經濟韌性的錨點，”該論壇研究中心主任王學坤錶示。

More than 70,000 foreign-invested enterprises were established in China in 2025, Wang observed. He also pointed to overseas companies setting up research centers and regional headquarters, finding local research partners and becoming more closely involved in China’s industrial and innovation networks.王毅指出，2025年中國新設外商投資企業超過7萬家。他還提到，外資企業紛紛在華設立研發中心和地區總部，尋找本地研發合作伙伴，並更加深度融入中國的產業和創新網路。

The report examines how artificial intelligence, digital trade and the transition to cleaner energy could create new opportunities for international cooperation. This edition also introduces a survey of public perceptions of openness, drawing on more than 7,500 questionnaires across 40 economies.本報告探討了人工智能、數字貿易以及向清潔能源轉型如何爲國際合作創造新機遇。本期報告還基於40個經濟體的7500餘份調查問卷，開展了一項關於公衆對開放態度的調查。

For developing economies, Liao said, the value of openness extends beyond export growth to gaining capital, technology and management expertise through participation in global production networks.廖說，對於發展中經濟體而言，開放的價值不僅體現在出口增長上，還體現在通過參與全球生產網路獲取資本、技術和管理專業知識。

Editor: Liu Qi 編輯：劉琦