报告显示全球开放度创2016年以来最大降幅

by Yang Jian 由杨健

November 5, 2026 2026年11月5日

[News] [新闻]

CIIE 进博会

China International Import Expo 中国国际进口博览会

Hongqiao 虹桥

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Credit: Ti Gong信用：钛工

Caption: Panelists discuss global openness and international cooperation during the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai today.说明：今日在上海举办的第九届虹桥国际经济论坛上，与会嘉宾围绕全球开放与国际合作展开讨论。

Global openness recorded its sharpest annual decline since 2016 last year, according to a report released today at the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai.今日在上海举办的第九届虹桥国际经济论坛上发布的一份报告显示，去年全球开放度出现了2016年以来最显著的年度下滑。

The World Openness Index fell 1 percent to 0.7453 in 2025. Its economic component dropped 1.44 percent to the lowest level since 1990, while gains in social and cultural openness slowed.2025年世界开放指数下降1%，降至0.7453。其中经济分项指数下跌1.44%，跌至1990年以来的最低水平，而社会与文化开放度的提升幅度则有所放缓。

Speakers at the forum pointed to rising protectionism, geopolitical tensions and trade barriers as pressures on global openness.论坛上的发言者指出，日益抬头的保护主义、地缘政治紧张局势以及贸易壁垒是全球开放面临的压力。

Governments increasingly use trade policy to pursue national security, supply chain and technological goals, according to Luz Maria de la Mora, director of the Division on International Trade and Commodities at UN Trade and Development, known as UNCTAD.联合国贸易和发展会议（简称贸发会议）国际贸易与商品司司长卢斯·玛丽亚·德·拉·莫拉表示，各国政府正越来越多地利用贸易政策来实现国家安全、供应链和技术方面的目标。

Measures introduced unilaterally or without sufficient coordination create friction and make trade less predictable, she noted. Yet that does not necessarily mean less trade.她指出，单方面或未进行充分协调而推出的措施会引发摩擦，也会让贸易变得更不可预测。但这并不一定意味着贸易规模会缩小。

“So global trade is not shrinking, but it is being rapidly fragmented,” de la Mora said. “While some economies are benefiting from new opportunities, others are struggling to keep pace.”“全球贸易并未萎缩，但正迅速走向碎片化，”德拉莫拉表示。“一些经济体正从新机遇中获益，而另一些则难以跟上步伐。”

The World Openness Report 2026 was released at the Hongqiao forum, held alongside the 9th China International Import Expo, which also opened today.2026年世界开放报告在虹桥论坛上发布，该论坛与今日开幕的第九届中国国际进口博览会同期举办。

It was jointly compiled by the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Research Center for the Hongqiao International Economic Forum.该书由中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所与虹桥国际经济论坛研究中心联合编撰。

Titled “Toward More Resilient and Inclusive Openness for All,” the report assesses economic, social and cultural openness, examining both policies and outcomes.这份题为《迈向更具韧性与包容性的全民开放》的报告对经济、社会和文化层面的开放程度进行了评估，同时审视了相关政策与实施成果。

Singapore topped the ranking of 129 economies in 2025, followed by Ireland. Singapore has held the top spot for 15 years since 1990.2025年，新加坡在129个经济体的排名中位居榜首，爱尔兰紧随其后。自1990年以来，新加坡已连续15年占据榜首位置。

China ranked 37th, up one place from 2024. Its openness score stood at 0.7551, compared with 0.5891 in 1990, an increase of 28.18 percent.中国排名第37位，较2024年上升一位。其开放度得分为0.7551，而1990年为0.5891，涨幅达28.18%。

Credit: Ti Gong信用：钛工

Caption: Participants listen to a presentation at the launch of the World Openness Report 2026 during the 9th Hongqiao International Economic Forum in Shanghai on Thursday.说明：周四，在上海举办的第九届虹桥国际经济论坛期间，《2026年世界开放报告》发布活动上，与会者聆听了一场演讲。

The wider picture was uneven. Six of the seven regions covered recorded declines in openness in 2025. Europe, Central Asia and North America saw declines for a second straight year. Advanced economies became less open overall, while emerging and developing economies were more open.整体情况并不均衡。在所覆盖的七个区域中，有六个区域的开放度在2025年出现下降。欧洲、中亚和北美连续第二年出现开放度下滑。发达经济体整体开放度有所降低，而新兴和发展中经济体则更为开放。

Liao Fan, director of the institute and head of the report’s research team, said economic security had become a central consideration in openness policies. But he warned against extending security concerns too broadly.该研究所所长、报告研究团队负责人廖凡表示，经济安全已成为开放政策中的核心考量。但他也提醒，不应将安全担忧过度泛化。

“Future openness will no longer be solely about expanding market access, but will place greater emphasis on balancing openness and security, efficiency and fairness, and development and resilience,” Liao pointed out.廖指出：“未来的开放将不再仅仅是扩大市场准入，而是更加注重在开放与安全、效率与公平、发展与韧性之间取得平衡。”

China’s role as a market and a place for innovation was another focus of the report.中国作为市场和创新之地的角色是该报告的另一重点。

“China’s market is an anchor of resilience for the world economy,” said Wang Xuekun, who heads the forum’s research center.“中国市场是世界经济韧性的锚点，”该论坛研究中心主任王学坤表示。

More than 70,000 foreign-invested enterprises were established in China in 2025, Wang observed. He also pointed to overseas companies setting up research centers and regional headquarters, finding local research partners and becoming more closely involved in China’s industrial and innovation networks.王毅指出，2025年中国新设外商投资企业超过7万家。他还提到，外资企业纷纷在华设立研发中心和地区总部，寻找本地研发合作伙伴，并更加深度融入中国的产业和创新网络。

The report examines how artificial intelligence, digital trade and the transition to cleaner energy could create new opportunities for international cooperation. This edition also introduces a survey of public perceptions of openness, drawing on more than 7,500 questionnaires across 40 economies.本报告探讨了人工智能、数字贸易以及向清洁能源转型如何为国际合作创造新机遇。本期报告还基于40个经济体的7500余份调查问卷，开展了一项关于公众对开放态度的调查。

For developing economies, Liao said, the value of openness extends beyond export growth to gaining capital, technology and management expertise through participation in global production networks.廖说，对于发展中经济体而言，开放的价值不仅体现在出口增长上，还体现在通过参与全球生产网络获取资本、技术和管理专业知识。

Editor: Liu Qi 编辑：刘琦